Obesity
Obesity, is the condition resulting from excessive storage of fat in the body.
Obesity has been defined as a weight more than 20% above what is considered normal according to standard age, height, and weight tables, or by a complex formula known as the body mass index.
It has been estimated that 30% to 35% of Americans are overweight or obese.
Obesity has been defined as a weight more than 20% above what is considered normal according to standard age, height, and weight tables, or by a complex formula known as the body mass index.
It has been estimated that 30% to 35% of Americans are overweight or obese.
Health and Social Implications
Obesity is a major public health concern because it predisposes the individual to many disorders, such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease, and has been associated with an increased incidence of certain cancers, notably cancers of the colon, rectum, prostate, breast, uterus, and cervix.
In contemporary American society, obesity also carries with it a sometimes devastating social stigma.
Obese people are often ostracized, and discrimination against them, especially in hiring and promotion, is common.
In contemporary American society, obesity also carries with it a sometimes devastating social stigma.
Obese people are often ostracized, and discrimination against them, especially in hiring and promotion, is common.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, fatty lipid lipids, a broad class of organic products found in living systems.
Most are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents.
Found in the body tissues and blood plasma of vertebrates; it is only sparingly soluble in water, but much more soluble in some organic solvents.
A steroid steroids, class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system.
Cholesterol can be found in large concentrations in the brain, spinal cord, and liver.
The liver is the most important site of cholesterol biosynthesis, although other sites include the adrenal glands and reproductive organs.
By means of several enzymatic reactions, cholesterol is synthesized from acetic acid acetic acid.
It then serves as the major precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D3, of the various steroid hormones(1), where it exerts some influence upon the cortisol cortisone and aldosterone in the adrenal glands and of the sex hormones progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone.
Cholesterol is excreted from the liver in the form of a secretion known as bile(2).
Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, it sometimes crystallizes in the gall bladder(3), to form gallstones.
The insolubility of cholesterol in water is also a factor in the development of atherosclerosis(4).
This buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels may constrict the passages considerably and inhibit the flow of blood to and from the heart.
Recent research has shown that the relative abundance of certain protein complexes, called lipoproteins, to which cholesterol becomes attached may be the real cause of cholesterol buildup in the blood vessels.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol out of the bloodstream for excretion, while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries it back into the system for use by various body cells.
Researchers believe that HDL and LDL levels in the bloodstream may be at least as important as cholesterol levels, and now measure both to determine risk for heart disease.
Reducing consumption of foods containing cholesterol and saturated fat has been found to lower blood cholesterol levels.
Cholesterol levels can also be reduced with drugs, most especially with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (commonly called "statins"), such as lovastatin (Mevacor) and atorvastatin (Lipitor), and by regular exercise.
Most are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar solvents.
Found in the body tissues and blood plasma of vertebrates; it is only sparingly soluble in water, but much more soluble in some organic solvents.
A steroid steroids, class of lipids having a particular molecular ring structure called the cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene ring system.
Cholesterol can be found in large concentrations in the brain, spinal cord, and liver.
The liver is the most important site of cholesterol biosynthesis, although other sites include the adrenal glands and reproductive organs.
By means of several enzymatic reactions, cholesterol is synthesized from acetic acid acetic acid.
It then serves as the major precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D3, of the various steroid hormones(1), where it exerts some influence upon the cortisol cortisone and aldosterone in the adrenal glands and of the sex hormones progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone.
Cholesterol is excreted from the liver in the form of a secretion known as bile(2).
Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, it sometimes crystallizes in the gall bladder(3), to form gallstones.
The insolubility of cholesterol in water is also a factor in the development of atherosclerosis(4).
This buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels may constrict the passages considerably and inhibit the flow of blood to and from the heart.
Recent research has shown that the relative abundance of certain protein complexes, called lipoproteins, to which cholesterol becomes attached may be the real cause of cholesterol buildup in the blood vessels.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol out of the bloodstream for excretion, while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries it back into the system for use by various body cells.
Researchers believe that HDL and LDL levels in the bloodstream may be at least as important as cholesterol levels, and now measure both to determine risk for heart disease.
Reducing consumption of foods containing cholesterol and saturated fat has been found to lower blood cholesterol levels.
Cholesterol levels can also be reduced with drugs, most especially with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (commonly called "statins"), such as lovastatin (Mevacor) and atorvastatin (Lipitor), and by regular exercise.
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GLOSSARY
(1) hormone = secretory substance carried from one gland or organ of the body via the bloodstream to more or less specific tissues;
(2) bile = bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver;
(3) gall bladder = small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile ; it is connected to the liver, which produces the bile, by the hepatic duct);
(3) gall bladder = small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile ; it is connected to the liver, which produces the bile, by the hepatic duct);
(4) arteriosclerosis = the pathological deposition of plaques of cholesterol and other lipids on the insides of major blood vessels, a condition associated with coronary artery disease coronary artery disease, condition that results when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded, most commonly by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty;
(2) bile = bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver;
(3) gall bladder = small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile ; it is connected to the liver, which produces the bile, by the hepatic duct);
(3) gall bladder = small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile ; it is connected to the liver, which produces the bile, by the hepatic duct);
(4) arteriosclerosis = the pathological deposition of plaques of cholesterol and other lipids on the insides of major blood vessels, a condition associated with coronary artery disease coronary artery disease, condition that results when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded, most commonly by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty;
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